Problems with the function of these nerves cause the signs and symptoms of Horner syndrome. The cervical sympathetic nerves control several functions in the eye and face such as dilation of the pupil and sweating. Within the autonomic nervous system, the nerves are part of a subdivision called the sympathetic nervous system. These nerves belong to the part of the nervous system that controls involuntary functions (the autonomic nervous system). Horner syndrome that appears after the newborn period (acquired Horner syndrome) and most cases of congenital Horner syndrome result from damage to nerves called the cervical sympathetics. However, the nerve damage that causes Horner syndrome may result from other health problems, some of which can be life-threatening.Īlthough congenital Horner syndrome can be passed down in families, no associated genes have been identified. The abnormalities in the eye area related to Horner syndrome do not generally affect vision or health. Individuals who develop Horner syndrome after age 2 do not generally have iris heterochromia. In people with Horner syndrome that occurs before the age of 2, the colored part (iris) of the eyes may differ in color (iris heterochromia), with the iris of the affected eye being lighter in color than that of the unaffected eye. Sinking of the eye into its cavity (enophthalmos) and a bloodshot eye often occur in this disorder. Horner syndrome is characterized by drooping of the upper eyelid ( ptosis ) on the affected side, a constricted pupil in the affected eye (miosis) resulting in unequal pupil size (anisocoria), and absent sweating (anhidrosis) on the affected side of the face. Horner syndrome can appear at any time of life in about 5 percent of affected individuals, the disorder is present from birth (congenital). Horner syndrome is a disorder that affects the eye and surrounding tissues on one side of the face and results from paralysis of certain nerves.
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